濟南叉車經常使用的三種類型
來源：http://www.bimuyu888888.com/ 日期：2024-02-13 發布人：
1.電動叉車
1. Electric forklift
以電動機為動力，蓄電池為能源。承載能力1.0～4.8噸，作業通道寬度一般為3.5～5.0米。由于沒有污染、噪音小，因此廣泛應用于對環境要求較高的工況，如醫藥、食品等行業。由于每個電池一般在工作約8小時后需要充電，因此對于多班制的工況需要配備備用電池，且在工作場所應有專門的充電處。
Powered by an electric motor and powered by a battery. The carrying capacity is 1.0-4.8 tons, and the width of the working passage is generally 3.5-5.0 meters. Due to its lack of pollution and low noise, it is widely used in industries with high environmental requirements, such as pharmaceuticals and food. Due to the fact that each battery usually needs to be charged after about 8 hours of operation, backup batteries need to be equipped for multi shift working conditions, and there should be a dedicated charging point in the workplace.
2.倉儲叉車
2. Storage Forklift
倉儲叉車主要是為倉庫內貨物搬運而設計的叉車。除了少數倉儲叉車（如手動托盤叉車）是采用人力驅動的，其他都是以電動機驅動的，因其車體緊湊、移動靈活、自重輕和性能好而在倉儲業得到普遍應用。在多班作業時，電機驅動的倉儲叉車需要有備用電池，且在工作場所應有專門的充電處。
Warehouse forklifts are mainly designed for handling goods in warehouses. Except for a few warehouse forklifts (such as manual pallet forklifts) that are manually driven, others are all electric motor driven and widely used in the warehousing industry due to their compact body, flexible movement, light weight, and good environmental performance. When working in multiple shifts, electric motor driven storage forklifts need to have backup batteries and there should be a dedicated charging point in the workplace.
（1）電動托盤搬運叉車
(1) Electric pallet handling forklift
承載能力1.6～3.0噸，作業通道寬度一般為2.3～2.8米，貨叉提升高度一般在210mm左右，主要用于倉庫內的水平搬運及貨物裝卸。一般有步行式和站駕式兩種操作方式，可根據效率要求選擇。
The carrying capacity is 1.6-3.0 tons, the width of the working passage is generally 2.3-2.8 meters, and the lifting height of the cargo fork is generally around 210mm. It is mainly used for horizontal handling and cargo loading and unloading in the warehouse. There are generally two operating modes: walking and standing driving, which can be selected according to efficiency requirements.
（2）電動托盤堆垛叉車
(2) Electric pallet stacker forklift
承載能力為1.0～1.6噸，作業通道寬度一般為2.3～2.8米，在結構上比電動托盤搬運叉車多了門架，貨叉提升高度一般在4.8米內，主要用于倉庫內的貨物堆垛及裝卸。
The carrying capacity is 1.0-1.6 tons, and the width of the working passage is generally 2.3-2.8 meters. In terms of structure, it has an additional gantry compared to electric pallet handling forklifts, and the lifting height of the forks is generally within 4.8 meters. It is mainly used for stacking and loading and unloading goods in the warehouse.
（3）前移式叉車
(3) Forward moving forklift
承載能力1.0～2.5噸，門架可以整體前移或縮回，縮回時作業通道寬度一般為2.7～3.2米，提升高度高可達11米左右，常用于倉庫內中等高度的堆垛、取貨作業。
The load-bearing capacity is 1.0-2.5 tons, and the gantry can be moved forward or retracted as a whole. When retracted, the width of the working passage is generally 2.7-3.2 meters, and the lifting height can reach about 11 meters. It is commonly used for stacking and picking up goods at medium and equal heights in warehouses.
（4）電動揀選叉車
(4) Electric Picking Forklift
在某些工況下（如的配送中心），不需要整托盤出貨，而是按照訂單揀選多種品種的貨物組成一個托盤，此環節稱為揀選。按照揀選貨物的高度，電動揀選叉車可分為低位揀選叉車（2.5米內）和中高位揀選叉車（高可達10米）。
In certain working conditions (such as supermarket distribution centers), it is not necessary to ship the entire pallet, but to select multiple varieties of goods according to the order to form a pallet, which is called picking. According to the height of the picked goods, electric picking forklifts can be divided into low level picking forklifts (within 2.5 meters) and medium high level picking forklifts (up to 10 meters high).
承載能力2.0～2.5噸（低位）、1.0～1.2噸（中高位，帶駕駛室提升）。
The bearing capacity is 2.0-2.5 tons (low position) and 1.0-1.2 tons (medium high position, with cab lift).
（5）低位駕駛三向堆垛叉車
(5) Low position driving three way stacking forklift
通常配備一個三向堆垛頭，叉車不需要轉向，貨叉旋轉就可以實現兩側的貨物堆垛和取貨，通道寬度1.5～2.0米，提升高度可達12米。叉車的駕駛室始終在地面不能提升，考慮到操作視野的限制，主要用于提升高度低于6米的工況。
Usually equipped with a three-way stacking head, forklifts do not need to turn, and the forks can rotate to stack and pick up goods on both sides. The aisle width is 1.5-2.0 meters, and the lifting height can reach 12 meters. The cab of the forklift is always on the ground and cannot be lifted. Considering the limitations of the operating field of view, it is mainly used for lifting working conditions with a height of less than 6 meters.
（6）高位駕駛三向堆垛叉車
(6) High position driving three way stacking forklift
與低位駕駛三向堆垛叉車類似，高位駕駛三向堆垛叉車也配有一個三向堆垛頭，通道寬度1.5～2.0米，提升高度可達14.5米。其駕駛室可以提升，駕駛員可以清楚地觀察到任何高度的貨物，也可以進行揀選作業。高位駕駛三向堆垛叉車在效率和各種性能都優于低位駕駛三向堆垛叉車，因此該車型已經逐步替代低位駕駛三向堆垛叉車。
Similar to the low position driving three way stacking forklift, the high position driving three way stacking forklift is also equipped with a three way stacking head, with a channel width of 1.5-2.0 meters and a lifting height of up to 14.5 meters. The cab can be raised, and the driver can clearly observe goods at any height, and can also perform picking operations. High position driving three way stacking forklifts have better efficiency and various performance than low position driving three way stacking forklifts, so this model has gradually replaced low position driving three way stacking forklifts.
（7）電動牽引車
(7) Electric tractor
牽引車采用電動機驅動，利用其牽引能力（3.0～25噸），后面拉動幾個裝載貨物的小車。經常用于車間內或車間之間大批貨物的運輸，如汽車制造業倉庫向裝配線的運輸、機場的行李運輸。
The tractor is driven by an electric motor and utilizes its traction capacity (3.0-25 tons) to pull several small carts loaded with goods from behind. Often used for the transportation of large quantities of goods within or between workshops, such as transportation from automotive manufacturing warehouses to assembly lines, and luggage transportation at airports.
3.內燃叉車
3. Internal combustion forklift
內燃叉車又分為普通內燃叉車、重型叉車、集裝箱叉車和側面叉車。一般采用柴油、汽油、液化石油氣或天然氣發動機作為動力，承載能力較大，一般均可承載5噸以上的重量，考慮到尾氣排放和噪音問題，通常用在室外對尾氣排放和噪音沒有特殊要求的場所。由于燃料補充方便，因此可實現長時間的連續作業，而且能勝任在惡劣的環境下工作。
Internal combustion forklifts are further divided into ordinary internal combustion forklifts, heavy-duty forklifts, container forklifts, and side forklifts. Generally, diesel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, or natural gas engines are used as power sources, with a large load-bearing capacity and can generally carry a weight of more than 5 tons. Considering exhaust emissions and noise issues, they are usually used outdoors in places where there are no special requirements for exhaust emissions and noise. Due to the convenience of fuel replenishment, it can achieve long-term continuous operation and is capable of working in harsh environments.
二、叉車車型和配置選擇
2、 Forklift model and configuration selection
車型和配置的選擇一般要從以下幾個方面出發：
The selection of vehicle models and configurations generally starts from the following aspects:
（1）作業功能
(1) Assignment function
叉車的基本作業功能分為水平搬運、堆垛 /取貨、裝貨/卸貨、揀選。根據企業所要達到的作業功能可以從上面介紹的車型中初步確定。另外，特殊的作業功能會影響到叉車的具體配置，如搬運的是紙卷、鐵水等，需要叉車安裝屬具來完成特殊功能。
The basic job functions of a forklift include horizontal handling, stacking/picking, loading/unloading, and picking. Based on the job functions that the enterprise needs to achieve, it can be preliminarily determined from the models introduced above. In addition, special homework functions can affect the specific configuration of forklifts, such as handling paper rolls, molten iron, etc., which require forklifts to install accessories to complete special functions.
（2）作業要求
(2) Homework requirements
叉車的作業要求包括托盤或貨物規格、提升高度、作業通道寬度、爬坡度等一般要求，同時還需要考慮作業效率（不同的車型其效率不同）、作業習慣（如習慣坐駕還是站駕）等方面的要求。
The operational requirements of a forklift include general requirements such as pallet or cargo specifications, lifting height, working channel width, and climbing degree. At the same time, it is necessary to consider requirements such as operational efficiency (different vehicle models have different efficiency) and operational habits (such as whether to drive or stand).
（3）作業環境
(3) Working environment
如果企業需要搬運的貨物或倉庫環境對噪音或尾氣排放等方面有要求，在選擇車型和配置時應有所考慮。如果是在冷庫中或是在有防爆要求的環境中，叉車的配置也應該是冷庫型或防爆型的。仔細考察叉車作業時需要經過的地點，設想可能的問題，例如，出入庫時門高對叉車是否有影響；進出電梯時，電梯高度和承載對叉車的影響；在樓上作業時，樓面承載是否達到相應要求，等等。
If the goods or warehouse environment that the enterprise needs to transport have environmental requirements such as noise or exhaust emissions, consideration should be given to the selection of vehicle models and configurations. If it is in a cold storage or an environment with explosion-proof requirements, the configuration of the forklift should also be cold storage or explosion-proof. Carefully examine the locations that forklifts need to pass through during operation, and imagine possible issues, such as whether the height of the door during entry and exit affects the forklift; The impact of elevator height and load on forklifts when entering and exiting the elevator; Whether the load-bearing capacity of the floor meets the corresponding requirements when working upstairs, and so on.
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